DETAILED SET OF PROTOCOLS

If you have comments or would like to contribute a protocol, please contact Dr. D. Bell-Pedersen, or the FGSC.

 

NEUROSPORA METHODS MANUAL: LIST OF TOPICS

GENERAL TOPICS.  SOURCES OF INFORMATION

    How and where to obtain information on Neurospora
    How to procure Neurospora strains for research and teaching
    How to choose wild type laboratory strains for reference and special uses
    How to certify that Neurospora is non-hazardous

LABORATORY PRACTICE
 

    Housekeeping

    How to avoid pitfalls and keep out of trouble in the Neurospora lab
    How to avoid contamination by airborne conidia

    How to deal with mite infections and to minimize their occurrence
    How to make very small inocula

    Growth

    How to prepare culture media
   
How to measure and monitor linear growth
    How to prepare and use gradient plates
   
How to convert wild-type spreading growth to colonial

Conidiation

   
How to maximize the production of macroconidia
    How to obtain microconidia

    Plating and Replication

      How to convert wild-type spreading growth to colonial
How to plate conidia and ascospores
Simply-prepared filters for conidial suspensions
How to do replica plating
How to prepare and use gradient plates
How to make disposable spreaders from long-nose Pasteur pipets 

CULTURE METHODS AND STOCK MAINTENANCE

     Media

    How to choose and prepare media
    How to color-code media

Stock preservation

    How to preserve stocks
    How to deposit materials to the FGSC

MICROSCOPY AND CELL BIOLOGY

         How to stain and count nuclei
    How to use hematoxylin for cytological studies
    How to stain meiotic chromosomes using acriflavine
    How to prepare aceto-orcein squashes, especially for pachytene chromosomes
    How to prepare ascus rosettes for microscopic examination
    How to separate chromosomes and restriction fragments using pulsed field gel electrophoresis
    How to do film and digital imaging of microscopic preparations
    How to obtain naked nuclei extruded from the cell

    How to minimize bubble-ascus abortion in crosses for cytology
    How to use GFP-tagged proteins in cell biology
    How to work with slime and other cell wall-deficient strains
    How to prepare mitochondria from mycelia at different growth phases
    How to prepare vacuolar membranes and other membrane fractions
    How to use cryofixation and freeze substitution  for ultrastructural studies of hyphae
    How to analyze and quantify conidial anastomosis tube (CAT)-mediated cell fusion
   
How to distinguish conidial anastomosis tubes (CATs) from germ tubes

CROSSES AND GENETIC ANALYSIS

    Making crosses

         How to choose wild type laboratory strains for reference and special uses
    How to determine mating type
    How to use fluffy testers for determining mating type and for other applications
    How to make a cross
   
How to make large numbers of crosses rapidly
    How to enhance the formation of perithecia and the production of progeny by poorly fertile crosses   
   
How to use helper strains for maintaining and crossing handicapped recessive mutants, for forcing and resolving heterokaryons, and for determining heterokaryon compatibility

    Recovery of progeny

    How to obtain progeny as random ascospore progeny
    How to obtain asci as unordered groups of ascospores ejected from the perithecium
    How to obtain unbroken linear asci that are extruded individually from the perithecium
    How to activate ascospores and optimize the recovery of progeny
   
How to make tapered platinum-iridium needles and use them for isolating ascospores
   
How to use per-1 to establish parentage in reciprocal crosses
    How to obtain uncontaminated progeny from crosses involving per-1

    Linkage determination and mapping

    How to use genetic methods for detecting linkage
   
How to use alcoy for linkage group assignment
    How to determine gene order using 3-point crosses
    How to use multiply marked multicent strains for linkage group assignment of genes and rearrangement breakpoints

    How to use duplication-generating rearrangements in mapping
    How to use RFLP for mapping cloned genes
   
How to use Spore killer for distinguishing 1st- and 2nd-division segregation with unordered asci

    Measuring recombination frequency

    How to determine recombination frequency between different gene loci or between sites within the same gene

    Scoring markers. Optimizing phenotypic expression

      How to use auxanograms to identify nutritional requirements
How to optimize carotenoid production
How to assay light responses in Neurospora
How to work with slime and other cell wall-deficient strains
How to use fluffy testers for determining mating type and for other applications
How to distinguish mitochondrial mutations from nuclear mutations
How to distinguish a Spore killer from alternative causes of ascospore abortion

How to test for complementation between mutant strains
How to determine whether a strain will undergo senescence
How to wash agar
How to test heat, osmotic, and oxidative tolerance of Neurospora conidia and young mycelia

 Stock building. Genetic manipulation

    How to inbreed for increased isogenicity
    How to use asci for obtaining double mutants of genes that show epistasis of are phenotypically similar
    How to introgress genes from one species to another

    Mutation

    How to make a gene deletion (Knock Out)
    How to enrich for mutations
    How to determine recessive-lethal mutation rates
   
How to name genes and assign symbols to previously unnamed loci
    How to use the mtr gene as a selectable marker for loss or gain of function
   
How to do replica plating
    How to measure mitotic instability of segmental duplications
    How to use chemical mutagenesis
    How to determine whether a gene is essential for survival 

    How to use spot tests to determine mutagen sensitivity
    How to use UV for mutagenesis

Transformation

       How to Prepare Spheroplasts
  How to transform by electroporation

    Heterokaryons

    How to make heterokaryons in Neurospora crassa
    How to test for complementation between mutant strains
    How to separate the components of a heterokaryon
    How to identify and score genes that confer vegetative (heterokaryon) incompatibility
   
How to demonstrate barrage in Neurospora
   
How to use helper strains for maintaining and crossing handicapped recessive mutants, for forcing and resolving heterokaryons, and for determining heterokaryon compatibility

    Cytogenetics. Chromosome rearrangements

    How to recognize and diagnose chromosome rearrangements
   
How to obtain and recognize partial-diploid strains that are duplicated for known chromosome segments
    How to measure mitotic instability of segmental duplications
    How to use duplication-generating rearrangements in mapping
    How to prepare aceto-orcein squashes, especially for pachytene chromosomes
    How to distinguish a Spore killer from alternative causes of ascospore abortion

    NATURAL HISTORY AND SPECIES IDENTIFICATION

    How to sample natural populations
    How to determine the species of a wild-collected isolate
    How to introgress genes from one species to another
    How to distinguish a Spore killer from alternative causes of ascospore abortion
    How to use fluffy testers for determining mating type and for other applications

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

    Nucleic acids

    How to isolate DNA: Large scale
    How to isolate mRNA
    How to carry out a Northern hybridization
    How to amplify DNA from macroconidia

 

    Proteins

        How to isolate nondenatured protein extracts for western analysis
    How to isolate proteins
    How to immunoblot proteins
    How to use immunodepletion to study quantitative relationships of proteins in a complex

    How to do immunoprecipitation
    How to cross-link proteins
    How to analyze light signal transduction in vitro

 

    Organelles

    How to prepare vacuolar membranes and other membrane fractions 
How to prepare mitochondria from mycelia at different growth phases
How to separate chromosomes and restriction fragments using pulsed field gel electrophoresis
How to obtain naked nuclei extruded from the cell

 


Methods from the Fungal Genetics Newsletter

Methods from the Neurospora Newsletter (prior to 1996)

Please contact Dr. D. Bell-Pedersen to participate in the assembly of the complete Neurospora protocol guide.


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Last modified 9/9/07 KMC