Gene: heterokaryon incompatibility
heterokaryon incompatibility
locus: het
locus_name: heterokaryon incompatibility
organism_type: B
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cultural_requirements: If two strains carry different alleles at one or more hetloci, they are unable to form stable heterokaryons (378, 379). Protoplasmic killing occurs after fusion of unlike hyphae (384) or after microinjection of cytoplasm or extracts into unlike strains (1145). Photographs (384). When duplications (partial diploids) are heterozygous for hetalleles, growth is inhibited and highly abnormal (761, 803). The incompatibility due to hetgenes is strictly vegetative; it does not reduce fertility. Ten het loci have been identified, and various others are inferred to exist (729). het-c, -d, -e, and -i were first defined by heterokaryon tests. The remainder (het-5 through -10) were detected by using duplications. The mating type alleles A and a also act as het genes in N. crassa (66, 384, 761, 830), although some slow heterokaryotic growth may occur (422). Microinjection experiments implicate proteins in the killing reaction (1138, 1145). Review and literature citations: 232, 803. Lindegren and Rockefeller wild types are het-C, het-D, and het-E(1144; J. F. Wilson, personal communication). St. Lawrence 74A and Oak Ridge wild types are het-C, het-d, and het-e (1144). St. Lawrence 74A and Oak Ridge OR8-la are het-i (831). Differences at het loci are very common in natural populations (730).
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Strains
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References
